Vienna once more became the capital of Austria and slowly began to rebuild. The Soviets took the city from the Nazis in 1945 and once they withdrew in 1955. All this ended with Anschluss (union) with Germany in 1938 but once again, the ensuing war left Austria and Vienna badly damaged.
Demoralised, Vienna became a hotbed of socialist politics and violent outbreaks.
In 1867, with the signing of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, it became the leading city of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and had the building boom to go with it.īut Vienna's dominance came to an end when Archduke Franz Ferdinand was murdered in Sarajevo in 1914. The city was occupied by Hungary between 14, and it also became a front line city once more, this time in the ongoing wars between the Habsburgs and the Ottoman Empire, with Turkish armies twice halted just short of the city gates.īy 1804 and the Napoleonic Wars, Vienna was secure and had become capital of the Habsburg's Austrian Empire. The real making of Vienna was another 200 years away when the city finally found its feet under Duke Henry II Jasomirgott who moved the Babenberg capital to Vienna in 1145.įrom here, the city continued to grow and expand, and by 1483, had become the de facto capital of the Holy Roman Empire under the Habsburgs. When the Romans finally withdrew, the town became an important centre of Celtic Christianity but, by 976, Leopold I of Babenberg became count of the surrounding district that eventually grew into the Duchy of Austria. But its roots lie in another empire, that of the Romans, to whom Vienna was known as the battle-scarred frontier town, Vindobona. By the 20th century, Vienna was the largest German-speaking city in the world and the capital of the mighty Austro-Hungarian Empire.
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